Questionnaires

Please note: the KINDL^R is fully open-access. All available versions can be downloaded here.

The KINDL^R is a generic instrument for assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in children and adolescents aged 3 years and older. The KINDL^R provides 24 items and thus is a short, methodologically suitable, psychometrically sound and flexible measure of Health-Related Quality of Life in children and adolescents.

The original version of the questionnaire, the KINDL, was developed by Prof. Monika Bullinger in 1994. Prof. Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer & Monika Bullinger revised the KINDL developing the KINDL^R in 1998.

The KINDL^R has been translated into numerous languages by now and it has been used in numerous German and international studies. Norm values are given based on representative German data from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). The KiGGS study is a broad survey realized by the German Robert-Koch-Institute.